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Across all five domains

8-year-olds

Child approaches the world with curiosity and develops knowledge about specific topics.

8-year-olds – See this age across all domains Early elementary

Ways educators might support the child's development
  • Talk with families and children about the interests they are pursuing at home
  • Provide access to books and computer resources for children to use in researching their own interests and questions
  • Provide graphic organizers to support children in researching their own questions and curiosities and in using information to create their own works

Child pursues their own goals.

8-year-olds – See this age across all domains Early elementary

Ways educators might support the child's development
  • Talk with families and children about skills the child is developing outside of school, such as the ability to play soccer
  • Notice when children are taking initiative, and invest time and resources in helping them to achieve ambitious goals
  • Provide models of individuals who noticed a problem and decided to act
  • Engage children in service learning projects

Child focuses on tasks and perseveres in accomplishing them.

8-year-olds – See this age across all domains Early elementary

Ways educators might support the child's development
  • Notice and provide encouragement when children feel frustrated or impatient (e.g., “I see that this is taking longer than you expected, and sometimes when we have to take many steps to solve a problem, we get tired!”)
  • Acknowledge persistence (e.g., “Wow, you are wrestling with that long text! I bet you are learning so much. I can’t wait to hear your thoughts about it.”)
  • View mistakes as learning opportunities (e.g., “I love seeing your work on this problem; every time I see you find a mistake and use a new strategy, I know your brain is growing!”)
  • Reach out to families to help with establishing a routine for homework time and modeling positive support

Child uses their imagination to create and invent.

8-year-olds – See this age across all domains Early elementary

Ways educators might support the child's development
  • Create opportunities for children to work collaboratively on creative projects over the course of several weeks
  • Facilitate group reflection on projects, exploring what children noticed, what observations they made, and what they learned about working together
  • Provide more specialized tools and materials for use in making projects
    • Scales to compare weights
    • Graphite pencils
    • Chalk pastels
    • Editing software
  • Visit museums and libraries to learn about varieties of art -making and engineering

Child uses and coordinates their large muscle groups.

8-year-olds – See this age across all domains Early elementary

Ways educators might support the child's development
  • Talk to families about the importance of gross motor play during out-of-school time
  • Connect families to local opportunities to participate in sports (e.g., soccer leagues, local playgrounds, public swimming pools)
  • Create opportunities for children to learn and practice dances from their families’ communities and cultures

Child controls the small muscles in their hands and wrists.

8-year-olds – See this age across all domains Early elementary

Ways educators might support the child's development
  • Invite a calligrapher to visit the class to demonstrate the beauty of writing
  • Encourage children to pay attention to handwriting in the final revision of their writing projects
  • Continue to provide time for activities designed to strengthen the muscles in children’s hands
  • Provide keyboards for children whose fine motor skills interfere with their ability to express themselves in writing

Child cares for their physical well-being.

8-year-olds – See this age across all domains Early elementary

Ways educators might support the child's development
  • Talk with families about chores that children are expected to do in their family and community
  • Invite children to help plan a snack menu and to prepare the snacks
  • Invite children to talk about dangers they have on the news or through social media
  • Engage children in thinking about the ways laws keep us safe and how laws could be changed to keep us more safe (e.g., gun control legislation)
  • Begin a conversation about helping one another stay safe

Child develops a healthy relationship to their body, pleasure, and others. This healthy sense of self is supported and demonstrated through respectful, caring, and loving relationships with families, educators, and other children.

8-year-olds – See this age across all domains Early elementary

Ways educators might support the child's development
  • Monitor the comments you make about your own and other people’s bodies and appearance
  • Engage children in ongoing critical literacy activities that support them in developing the skills to analyze literature and media for sexism, sizism, and homophobia

Child develops trusting relationships with nurturing adults.

8-year-olds – See this age across all domains Early elementary

Ways educators might support the child's development
  • Foster the family’s positive regard for their child by taking a strength-based stance when sharing observations
  • When addressing sensitive issues with a child and/or their family, be sure to do so in privacy. Convey respect and compassion.
  • Thank the child for coming to you when they have a problem, and affirm your desire to be a resource for them

Child experiences a sense of belonging in environments that link, extend, and affirm the child’s family and community. Child expresses comfort and joy with human diversity.

8-year-olds – See this age across all domains Early elementary

Ways educators might support the child's development
  • Suggest out-of-school time connections for children; recommend to families of specific children which classmates or afterschool programs may be good matches, and include this suggestion in mid-year reports and meetings
  • Create multiple opportunities each week for children to share personal experience with their classmates (e.g., include sharing about their lives or reading aloud personal narratives at daily morning meeting)
  • Provide class-wide opportunities for children to build their own social context
    • Write get-well notes to classmates who are ill for many days
    • Make “celebrating you” booklets on children’s birthdays in which each child contributes a note or drawing for the birthday child
  • Incorporate social justice into your curriculum, providing opportunities for children to engage in inquiry and action around social issues that they care about in their community

Child develops a sense of self through noticing and developing their own interests, preferences, and abilities. Child increasingly develops self-awareness, confidence, family pride, and positive social identities.

8-year-olds – See this age across all domains Early elementary

Ways educators might support the child's development
  • Invite students to plan for and participate in a conference with their families
  • Engage in casual conversation with the child about what they like to do outside of school
  • Provide time, space, and materials for chosen work and some choice within assigned work
  • Support and encourage students to participate in identity-based affinity groups
  • Notice and address opinions reflecting societal messages that equate material acquisitions with self-worth

Child forms deep, caring, human connections by imagining what someone else may be thinking or feeling and responding with care. Child recognizes unfairness and understands that unfairness hurts.

8-year-olds – See this age across all domains Early elementary

Ways educators might support the child's development
  • Use shared reading to develop perspective-taking, asking, for example, “How would you help this character when they are feeling so worried?”
  • Provide opportunities for children to take meaningful action to address social inequity in their community
  • Offer children structured contexts in which to identify, practice, and receive empathy
    • Play a “jump in” theater game in which two characters act out a conflict and anyone is welcome to “jump in” as a third character to offer empathy to either or both parties if they see a way to help resolve the conflict

Child navigates friendships with peers through cooperation and negotiation.

8-year-olds – See this age across all domains Early elementary

Ways educators might support the child's development
  • When guiding children through conflict resolution, be alert to family and cultural differences in how people handle and navigate conflict
  • Foster social connections among family members; ask families about times and kinds of events that would work best for them
  • Notice children who may be left out and give them special jobs to do with a friendly peer; provide time to openly discuss feelings related to peer group inclusion and exclusion
  • Discuss books about conflict and negotiation, asking children to name the point of conflict, feelings of each protagonist, and effective and ineffective behaviors that each character engaged in
  • Offer “counselor,” a role that helps children resolve conflicts, as a classroom job

Child expresses and manages their feelings and impulses.

8-year-olds – See this age across all domains Early elementary

Ways educators might support the child's development
  • Reflect with families and colleagues about the way strong feelings are expressed in the communities and cultures of the children in your class
  • Encourage the development of children’s self-awareness by suggesting that they write about their personal strengths and challenges
  • Let children know which trusted adults are available to be with them when they have strong feelings

Child follows the rhythms, rules, and routines of the learning environment.

8-year-olds – See this age across all domains Early elementary

Ways educators might support the child's development
  • Engage children in reflecting on the origins and intentions of social laws
  • Engage children in conversation about social movements to make society more fair
  • Invite children to discuss the difference in rules between various cultures, communities, and families

Child will develop the ability to speak and/ or sign in increasingly complete, complex, precise, and varied ways.

8-year-olds – See this age across all domains Early elementary

Ways educators might support the child's development
  • Choose a sentence that has a complex structure
    • Engage in word play by altering the vocabulary in the sentence
    • Chart sentence and unpack meaning
    • Use sentence starters to practice making new sentences with a similar structure
  • Research the bases and parts of words with children; look for and point out meaning in the structure of words

Child will develop their ability to listen and understand complete, complex, precise, and varied language.

8-year-olds – See this age across all domains Early elementary

Ways educators might support the child's development
  • Model strategies for self-monitoring, understanding, and using questions to clarify
  • Ask peers to elaborate or role play the ways in which partners can request more information to increase understanding
  • Structure activities that include speaking with partners and using specific words or parts of speech; for example, interviewing about something in the past that requires understanding of verbs in past tense
  • Use think-aloud or sentence starters to model the thinking process and encourage understanding of one’s own or a character’s feelings, changes, motivations, and inner thoughts

Child uses language to relate to others according to the social expectations of their family, community, and culture.

8-year-olds – See this age across all domains Early elementary

Ways educators might support the child's development
  • Establish norms for social communication in the learning environment
  • Teach children to identify micro-aggressions: brief hostile, negative prejudicial slights and insults toward any group
  • Ask children to write from the perspective of someone from a different time or place
  • Invite children to develop and share a point of view on a topic of interest

Child enjoys, attends to, understands, and makes meanings from spoken and written language of storytelling and books.

8-year-olds – See this age across all domains Early elementary

Ways educators might support the child's development
  • Give children time to respond to texts in a variety of ways
    • Assign parts to act out a book or story
    • Encourage children to collaborate, improvise, and use props to perform the story
  • Establish centers where children can make art or explore science materials in response to books or stories on a theme or topic

Child develops the ability to recognize and manipulate the different sounds in spoken language(s).

8-year-olds – See this age across all domains Early elementary

Ways educators might support the child's development
  • Invite children to compose a song for a friend by changing the lyrics of a favorite song to personalize it
  • Play a familiar card game, and replace cards with images and words that match; for example, children can play “Go Fish” and ask for a word that rhymes with the card they have
  • Invite students to create their own rhyming poems, songs, or haikus

Child uses materials and/ or language to make meaning for themselves and/or an audience.

8-year-olds – See this age across all domains Early elementary

Ways educators might support the child's development
  • Welcome and celebrate the variety of children’s composing processes
  • Discuss what makes an argument effective and how to find an equally effective counterargument
  • Provide models of approaches to composition; discuss and chart an author’s intent or purpose across various types of texts in an author’s body of work (e.g., discuss the purpose of Patricia Polacco’s Chicken Sunday , Thank You, Mr. Falker , and Pink and Say )

Child views, creates, and makes meaning of visual communication and multimedia documentation, which includes drawings, collections, photographs, videos and displays.

8-year-olds – See this age across all domains Early elementary

Ways educators might support the child's development
  • Invite a video editor to visit the class and ask them to explain the process of experimenting and editing with different tools to modify size, color, and shape for intended message
  • Provide tools for children to make their own videos
  • Support use of critical media literacy by provocations to discuss credibility and evidence
  • Teach children to identify bias in media

Child recognizes and develops the ability to explain how material objects change and how they remain stable.

8-year-olds – See this age across all domains Early elementary

Ways educators might support the child's development
  • Create opportunities for children to explore stability and change in local contexts
    • Visit a local watershed to study water quality
    • Look at photos of the local area in years past in comparison to today
  • Ask about characters in chapter books (“How do they change over the course of the story? Why do they change? What is the same about them throughout?”)

Child uses symbolic thought to represent.

8-year-olds – See this age across all domains Early elementary

Ways educators might support the child's development
  • Notice the particular forms of representation that are motivating for different children
  • Encourage children to use art to represent their feelings
  • Invite families to join children in creating
  • Welcome families to celebrate children’s creations
  • Challenge children to create models of villages, replicating complicated architectural details

Child develops the ability to store, retrieve, and share information about past experiences.

8-year-olds – See this age across all domains Early elementary

Ways educators might support the child's development
  • Use self-talk to describe strategies for organizing information to make it easier to retrieve
  • Ask children to write from perspectives of figures they have read and learned about (What was it like to be a knight’s horse, for example?)
  • Welcome children to link their family histories to larger discussions of historical events

Child becomes a scientific thinker by manipulating objects, asking questions, making observations and predictions, and developing generalizations.

8-year-olds – See this age across all domains Early elementary

Ways educators might support the child's development
  • Invite families to share areas of expertise with the class
  • Support children in generating questions for research
  • Provide graphic organizers so that children are able to successfully complete a multiday investigation
  • Create role models for children
    • Visit scientists at work
    • Read about scientists who changed history
    • Ensure representation of women and members of non-dominant racial, linguistic, and cultural groups

Child understands and explores the causes and effects of actions and events.

8-year-olds – See this age across all domains Early elementary

Ways educators might support the child's development
  • Create opportunities for children to see how changing certain factors causes a predictable change in outcome
  • Teach children about climate change and engage the class in analyzing and reducing the group’s use of carbon

Child plans and uses hands, tools, and technology to solve problems with materials.

8-year-olds – See this age across all domains Early elementary

Ways educators might support the child's development
  • Invite families to visit the classroom and share a tool from their culture, nation of origin, or childhood
  • Provide opportunities for children to learn problem-solving strategies from one another
  • Challenge children to invent objects to solve common classroom or household problems (e.g., a magnetic paper-clip picker-upper)
  • Look for texts that show different ways a problem has been solved throughout history (e.g., irrigation)
G

Math

1. Comparing and Categorizing

Child recognizes some similarities and differences between familiar and unfamiliar people, objects, or experiences.

8-year-olds – See this age across all domains Early elementary
Ways educators might support the child's development
  • Invite families to visit the classroom to talk about their childhoods; use Venn diagrams to compare and contrast
  • Read books aloud about children who live in different kinds of families; ask the children questions about how the character’s lives are similar to and different from their own
  • Visit a natural history museum or botanical garden and talk about the categories the curators use

2. Number Sense and Quantity

Child understands and explores numbers and quantity.

8-year-olds – See this age across all domains Early elementary
Ways educators might support the child's development
  • Engage children in a cooking activity that calls for ingredients in ½, ¼, ¾, or ¹∕₃ measures
  • Ask children to write word problems that fit number sentences for their classmates to solve
  • Practice addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division skills using Jeopardy-type games

3. Patterning

Child develops the ability to identify, describe, extend, and create patterns.

8-year-olds – See this age across all domains Early elementary
Ways educators might support the child's development
  • Create AABBA patterns for classmates to complete and/or find the errors
  • Practice looking at an analog clock, describing the number correspondences
  • Give children a sense of time (Time sitting in silence for a minute, then do something repetitive such as snapping fingers or drawing stars for a minute, two minutes, or five minutes.)

4. Spatial Sense and Geometry

Child understands how objects, points, lines, and shapes fit in space.

8-year-olds – See this age across all domains Early elementary
Ways educators might support the child's development
  • Create realistic and abstract art using shapes, lines, and understanding of orientation of those things on paper
  • Observe the use of shapes in artwork from different cultures, drawing attention to the cultures of the children in the class
  • Describe the properties of a shape and invite the children to name that shape
  • Place shapes in a category, and ask children to name the reason for the classification

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