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Across all five domains

8–16 months

Child approaches the world with curiosity and develops knowledge about specific topics.

8–16 months – See this age across all domains Infants

What educators might observe
  • Feels, bangs, gets in, sits on, and throws objects to find out more about them
  • Crawls, cruises, climbs or walks toward objects of interest (e.g., attempts to reach objects that are high up)
  • Repeats experiences to develop their understanding (e.g., learns to crawl up stairs, and subsequently crawls up every set of stairs they find)

Child pursues their own goals.

8–16 months – See this age across all domains Infants

What educators might observe
  • Moves toward object or person they are interested in
  • Wants to participate in selfcare routines (e.g., wants to hold their own toothbrush)
  • Crawls or toddles to an educator with a book they have selected
  • Holds objects up or out to educator that they are curious about

Child focuses on tasks and perseveres in accomplishing them.

8–16 months – See this age across all domains Infants

What educators might observe
  • Is deeply focused on mastering a new skill for days at a time (e.g., works to get onto all fours and then rocks when learning to crawl)
  • Focuses on the same thing as the caregiver (e.g., watches the caregiver’s hands and looks at their face as they turn the pages of a book)
  • Puts blocks in a bucket and then dumps them out and does it again

Child uses and coordinates their large muscle groups.

8–16 months – See this age across all domains Infants

What educators might observe
  • Moves between lying down, sitting, and balancing on hands and knees
  • Crawls
  • Pulls to a standing position
  • Sits back down and moves to crawling after sitting down
  • Pulls to standing, and uses one hand to manipulate toys
  • Cruises (walks holding on to furniture)
  • Adjusts body position when moving up or down slopes or along different surfaces
  • Crawls up the stairs
  • Starts to walk around tables with support
  • Pushes a doll stroller or other wheeled object while walking
  • Walks without support
  • May walk a bit and then suddenly sit down
  • Stops walking, squats, and stands back up
  • Throws a ball

Child controls the small muscles in their hands and wrists.

8–16 months – See this age across all domains Infants

What educators might observe
  • Uses forefinger and thumb to pick up smaller objects like cereal or pasta
  • Picks up small blocks and drops them into a container
  • Practices placing objects on top of one another, such as blocks or stacking cups
  • Grasps the string of a pulltoy
  • Makes holes with one finger in play dough
  • Points, with index finger extended and other fingers in a fist

The child uses sight, hearing, smell, taste, touch, proprioception (deep pressure), and vestibular function (balance) to perceive and respond to the world around them.

8–16 months – See this age across all domains Infants

What educators might observe
  • Nuzzles their face into a freshly washed blanket to smell it
  • Moves their body to the rhythm of music
  • When a new food is introduced, makes a face and might spit it out
  • Feels objects in the environment (e.g., mashes and mixes the food on their high chair tray or, when walking, stops to pat a puddle)
  • Jiggles (e.g., sits on an educator’s knee and bounces up and down or pulls themselves to stand and bounces on their own knees)

Child cares for their physical well-being.

8–16 months – See this age across all domains Infants

What educators might observe
  • Has a sound or gesture that they use to indicate that they want to nurse or eat (e.g., “Num num”)
  • Tries new foods according to the cultural expectations of their family and community
  • For breast-feeding babies, crawls or walks to mother and climbs into lap to nurse when desired
  • Feels and mouths object to distinguish between food and non-food items
  • Feeds self-with fingers
  • Removes loose clothing (e.g., socks, hats, or mittens)

Child develops a healthy relationship to their body, pleasure, and others. This healthy sense of self is supported and demonstrated through respectful, caring, and loving relationships with families, educators, and other children.

8–16 months – See this age across all domains Infants

What educators might observe
  • Enjoys sensual, non-sexual experiences (e.g., breast feeding, thumb sucking, rocking to bed, cuddling)
  • Expresses delight and a sense of pride in the things their body can do independently (e.g., crawling up stairs, and throwing or dropping objects)
  • Bats at, touches, grasps, or pulls their genitals during diaper changing

Child develops trusting relationships with nurturing adults.

8–16 months – See this age across all domains Infants

What educators might observe
  • Explores environment with guidance from trusting adults
  • Seeks security and support from primary educator
  • Exhibits separation anxiety by staying close to familiar adults in presence of strangers
  • When in a new situation, will make eye contact with trusted adult to “check in” with them
  • Tests and confirms educators’ responses to own behavior (e.g., reaches for a forbidden object and looks at educator to check response)

Child experiences a sense of belonging in environments that link, extend, and affirm the child’s family and community. Child expresses comfort and joy with human diversity.

8–16 months – See this age across all domains Infants

What educators might observe
  • Plays beside other children
  • Demonstrates ease and comfort when spoken to in their home language
  • Cries when family member leaves

Child develops a sense of self through noticing and developing their own interests, preferences, and abilities. Child increasingly develops self-awareness, confidence, family pride, and positive social identities.

8–16 months – See this age across all domains Infants

What educators might observe
  • Smiles at self in mirror
  • Makes choices about what toys to play with
  • Plays with one object more often than others
  • Has favorite foods, comfort objects, people, etc

Child forms deep, caring, human connections by imagining what someone else may be thinking or feeling and responding with care. Child recognizes unfairness and understands that unfairness hurts.

8–16 months – See this age across all domains Infants

What educators might observe
  • Looks to educator to gauge their response to a new person or situation
  • Pats and strokes others who are distressed
  • Shows guilt when they harm someone or do something forbidden
  • Distinguishes between kind and cruel actions
  • Stays nearby and quietly watches a child who is upset

Child navigates friendships with peers through cooperation and negotiation.

8–16 months – See this age across all domains Infants

What educators might observe
  • Passes a toy or a ball back and forth with an adult or another child, at least once or twice
  • Imitates the simple actions of a peer (e.g., banging blocks together)
  • Helps educator with caregiving tasks (e.g., holds out their foot so their caregiver can put on their shoe)
  • Indicates preferences and intentions by answering yes/no questions (e.g., child nods head yes and hands a doll to teacher when asked if they are finished playing with it)

Child expresses and manages their feelings and impulses.

8–16 months – See this age across all domains Infants

What educators might observe
  • Seeks educator support and attention when encountering a challenge
  • Imitates adults’ facial expressions and moods
  • Uses physical contact to express emotions (e.g., kissing, biting, hugging, or patting)
  • Rubs comfort object or sucks thumb when upset or tired
  • Repeats sounds or words to draw educator’s attention to their needs and begins to cry if educator does not respond quickly enough

Child follows the rhythms, rules, and routines of the learning environment.

8–16 months – See this age across all domains Infants

What educators might observe
  • Recognizes that certain adult actions are associated with expected behavior (e.g., waits to be buckled into stroller)
  • Anticipates familiar routines or activities (e.g., watches for a family member when it is time to go home)
  • Recognizes that different behaviors will elicit different reactions from adults
  • Makes eye contact with educator when doing something that is off-limits

Child will develop the ability to speak and/ or sign in increasingly complete, complex, precise, and varied ways.

8–16 months – See this age across all domains Infants

What educators might observe
  • Uses facial gestures to engage with adult, such as blinking eyes or sticking out tongue
  • Makes physical contact to get educator’s attention, including holding educator’s face in their hands or patting educator’s leg until attention is given
  • Uses utterances consistently to refer to people or favorite objects (e.g., ”Mama” for mother, “Dada” for father, and “Ba-ba” for blanket)
  • Uses a few words to express needs and wants that are understood in context by adults in the child’s environment (e.g., saying “up” to indicate desire to be held) Note: Expressive language development may pause as a child learns to walk and increase their mobility

Child will develop their ability to listen and understand complete, complex, precise, and varied language.

8–16 months – See this age across all domains Infants

What educators might observe
  • Responds to “yes” and “no”
  • Responds to requests such as “wave bye-bye”
  • Looks toward door when doorbell rings and educator asks, “Who is it?”
  • Responds to simple requests or statements accompanied by gestures, such as when the caregiver asks for a specific toy while pointing at it
  • Shows understanding of the names of most familiar objects and people by looking toward them when they are mentioned

Child uses language to relate to others according to the social expectations of their family, community, and culture.

8–16 months – See this age across all domains Infants

What educators might observe
  • Participates in a conversation by making sounds or using words in response to adult (e.g., educator says, “Mmm” when feeding the baby, and the baby says, “Mmm” back)
  • Begins to demonstrate turn-taking in conversation by babbling and then pausing and looking to educator to respond
  • Makes eye contact when vocalizing or being spoken to, as appropriate to cultural context
  • Initiates conversations by bringing objects to show caregivers
  • Differentiates between tones of voice (angry, friendly) and smiles back at caregiver as appropriate

Child enjoys, attends to, understands, and makes meanings from spoken and written language of storytelling and books.

8–16 months – See this age across all domains Infants

What educators might observe
  • Looks at a picture book with an educator and makes sounds
  • Shows preference for certain stories or texts, such as lift-theflap books
  • Smiles, dances, or sings along to familiar songs
  • Shows pleasure when caregiver shares an image, tells a story, or sings a lullaby (e.g., smiles or vocalizes)

Child develops the ability to recognize and manipulate the different sounds in spoken language(s).

8–16 months – See this age across all domains Infants

What educators might observe
  • Produces lengthy consonant-vowel-consonant-vowel babbles (e.g., a-ga-a-ga a-ga)
  • Makes animal sounds from their home language
  • Changes tone when babbling so that their babbles sound more like the speech sounds of their home language
  • Demonstrates understanding that a word is a combination of sounds by creating own words to represent something (e.g., calls their brother “Buba”)

Child views, creates, and makes meaning of visual communication and multimedia documentation, which includes drawings, collections, photographs, videos and displays.

8–16 months – See this age across all domains Infants

What educators might observe
  • Reacts differently to a video of themselves than to a video of another familiar person
  • When talking to a family member on a video chat, crawls behind the laptop to see where the person is
  • Tries to climb inside or take objects out of images (e.g., positions foot as if to climb inside a car depicted in a book)

Child uses symbolic thought to represent.

8–16 months – See this age across all domains Infants

What educators might observe
  • Rolls a toy car back and forth on the floor
  • Uses two objects that go together to pretend (e.g., puts a spoon in a bowl and stirs)
  • Uses a bottle and pretends it contains a favorite drink (e.g., “leche”)

Child develops the ability to store, retrieve, and share information about past experiences.

8–16 months – See this age across all domains Infants

What educators might observe
  • Remembers information about recent event (e.g., continuing to play peek-a-boo after caregiver has stopped playing)
  • Uses gestures or single words for a family member after morning drop-off (e.g., going to the door and saying, “Mama?”)
  • Imitates actions that they have observed in the past (e.g., watching caregiver blow on hot food before eating, then blowing on own food–hot or cold)

Child becomes a scientific thinker by manipulating objects, asking questions, making observations and predictions, and developing generalizations.

8–16 months – See this age across all domains Infants

What educators might observe
  • Brings familiar or new objects they are curious about to a trusted adult
  • Laughs at unexpected events, such as when a ball they have rolled up an incline begins to roll back

Child understands and explores the causes and effects of actions and events.

8–16 months – See this age across all domains Infants

What educators might observe
  • Watches for reactions from other people when an event has occurred, such as an adult answering the phone when it rings
  • Repeats actions many times to cause an effect, such as dropping an object for a caregiver to pick up
  • Puts objects into a container, turns it over, watches the objects fall out, and then fills it up again
  • Approaches objects with an intent to cause a certain effect (e.g., pats a drum, twists a knob, turns on a light switch)

Child plans and uses hands, tools, and technology to solve problems with materials.

8–16 months – See this age across all domains Infants

What educators might observe
  • Uses objects as a means to an end (e.g., uses a bucket to transport blocks from one room to another)
  • Crawls around a chair to get an object that has rolled behind it
  • Keeps turning a container around to find the side with the lid or opening
  • Attempts to unscrew lids to get objects out of them
  • Undoes materials such as fasteners on shoes or tape on surfaces
G

Math

1. Comparing and Categorizing

Child recognizes some similarities and differences between familiar and unfamiliar people, objects, or experiences.

8–16 months – See this age across all domains Infants
What educators might observe
  • Shows preference for particular items such as toys, cups, or clothing
  • Knows trash can is something you place items in, but may put objects other than trash in it
  • Selects a duck when educator asks, “Where’s the duck?”
  • When unfamiliar adult enters the room, may cry or move toward familiar person
  • Begins to understand the similarities and differences in speech sounds and distinguishes and imitates patterns of speech
  • Chooses to play with the red car even though there is a blue one just like it
  • Knows some objects that go together (e.g., puts the doll in a toy stroller)

2. Number Sense and Quantity

Child understands and explores numbers and quantity.

8–16 months – See this age across all domains Infants
What educators might observe
  • Tries to hold onto two large balls while reaching for third ball
  • Fills a bucket with objects and dumps it out
  • Holds a block in each hand and bangs them together
  • Shakes head “no” when asked if they want more food
  • Puts multiple blocks in each cup of a muffin tin

3. Patterning

Child develops the ability to identify, describe, extend, and create patterns.

8–16 months – See this age across all domains Infants
What educators might observe
  • Hands object back and forth to educator
  • Demonstrates understanding of what comes next in their daily routines (e.g., goes to get shoes after breakfast because the group always goes outside at this time)

4. Spatial Sense and Geometry

Child understands how objects, points, lines, and shapes fit in space.

8–16 months – See this age across all domains Infants
What educators might observe
  • Attempts to roll body over
  • Puts smaller object inside larger one, such as placing small toy in a bucket
  • Uses trial and error to play with objects that can fit inside openings (e.g., tries to put different sized balls into the top of a large jug)
  • Repeatedly puts things in and takes them out (e.g., sticks a peg in a hole and pulls it out again)
  • Takes rings off a stacking ring and then puts one or two back on
  • Stacks blocks on each other, but may put bigger block on smaller one or try to balance a square on a triangle
  • Gets in and out of things (e.g., climbs into a large laundry basket and then climbs back out)

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